there is the procedure program-arguments that gives a list of the arguments given to the executed file or script. the first argument by convention is the name of the executed script file.

for command-line interfaces with option parsing, i recommend args-fold (or, even better: (sph cli), which is based on args-fold), it is powerful and fun to use. for how to use args-fold, see the example below.

there is also getopt-long with fewer capabilities.

the following binds the list of script arguments to variables

in a file named test

#!/usr/bin/guile
!#

(apply
  (lambda* (path #:optional target)
    #t)
  (cdr (program-arguments)))

chmod +x test
./test mypath mytarget

(use-modules (srfi srfi-37))

; since this prepends, the result will be in reverse order.
(define (unnamed-processor a result) (cons a result))

(define (unrecognized-processor opt name a result)
  (display
    (string-append "unsupported option: " (if (char? name) (list->string (list name)) name) "\n"))
  (exit))

(define (help-processor opt name arg result) (display "usage: xy...\n") (exit 0))
(define (dry-run-processor opt name arg result) (cons (cons name #t) result))
(define arguments (cdr (program-arguments)))
(define result (list))

(define af-options
  ; option :: names is-required-arg is-optional-arg processor
  (list (option (list #\h "help") #f #f help-processor)
    (option (list "dry-run") #f #f dry-run-processor)))

(define parsed-options
  (reverse (args-fold arguments af-options unrecognized-processor unnamed-processor result)))

(write parsed-options)
(newline)